The Crisis of the Old Order in Russia: Gentry and Government. Newly discovered Arctic islands became part of the Russian Empire: the from the early 18th century; "Emperor Nicholas II Land" first mapped and claimed as late as 1913.
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Disappointment at the results of the war stimulated revolutionary tensions, and helped , Romania, and gain independence from, and strengthen themselves against, the Ottomans.
NextWhen ascended the throne in 1855, the desire for reform was widespread.
He is just a joy to work with. The great powers mobilized, and Berlin decided to act before the others were ready to fight, first invading Belgium and France in the west, and then Russia in the east.
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The ruled the Russian Empire from its beginning in 1721 until 1762. Peter I 1672—1725 —also referred to as Peter the Great—played a major role in introducing the European state system into the Russian Empire.
NextBurant, "The January Uprising of 1863 in Poland: Sources of Disaffection and the Arenas of Revolt.
Peter abolished the patriarchate and replaced it with a collective body, the , which was led by a government official. We are a strong, dedicated and united team, committed to the wellbeing of our community. Whether this autocracy was to be permanently limited by the new changes, or only at the continuing discretion of the autocrat, became a subject of heated between conflicting parties in the state.
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Princeton University Press, 1982. The question of Russia's direction had been gaining attention ever since Peter the Great's program of modernization. Nearly the entire population was devoted to agriculture, with only a small percentage living in towns.
NextIn the 18th century, Catherine II issued an edict of toleration that gave legal status to Islam and allowed Muslims to fulfill religious obligations.